Since we all operate in a global village, how come we cannot trade in one global currency without exchange and interest rate manipulations? Were that to happen, the western economies -- US and UK, would tether to near collapse as the currency exchange rate has artificially enabled their growth and stability.
 
US and UK, two of the world’s biggest deficit nations without reserve have managed to prop their economies on manipulation of interest rates and exchange rates. Also, were one currency to happen, immigration would almost cease and countries with large population could benefit from their numbers; dwarfing the economies of small countries.
 
I have often wondered: how come England with less than 55m people will have an economy larger and more influential than say Nigeria with 165m and India with 1.2b people? The estimated populations of the four constituent countries of UK are 53.5 million people in England, 5.3 million in Scotland, 3.1 million in Wales and 1.8 million in Northern Ireland. UK per capita is almost $40,000 but Nigeria is $3,005 and India, the world’s largest democracy has per capita of $5,410. Do the math, they are victims of currency exchange rate manipulation.
 
During colonization when the Pound was used across England colonies, the Pound had same value all over.As the colonies got and sought independence, and England could not afford to return a third of all the colonies reserves held by the Exchequer, it sought ingeniously to use Currency Devaluation to shelter herself from near collapse which angered first Singapore PM Lew Kuan Yew to severe relationship with the Commonwealth and moved to develop Singapore not relying on England’s support and approval.
 
Singapore model and example can be used and duplicated by former colonies. But they have to be able to stand firm against any foreign interest that seeks to manipulate and dictate to them, using proxies like World Bank and IMF. Singapore Per capita is $78,765 highest of all former colonies and almost twice than of her former colonial master England. Nigeria and India can do same and shine above the former colonial master. The best way to attract respect is to come out swinging and beating former champion to a pulp on their own game. Were I ever president of Nigeria, the World Bank and IMF, will cease to have influence in Nigeria – QED
 
Singapore – is proof positive that no one needs to run to Washington DC and or London, to obtain direction on how to run their economy. The Six Functions of Money, holds true in every geography. Those in leadership need not bow to any foreign interest except in a mutual agreed relationship where there is no victor or vanquished. Like Franklin D. Roosevelt said, no one should willingly undermine their own economic interest or wellbeing. 

Anyone in a daze how Wall Street works should read Den of Thieves, by James B. Stewart. Here is a review comment - The stock price of companies could rise enormously on rumors of a potential takeover. Those who were privy to that information before it became public could make huge sums of money. Stewart shows how some of the biggest names in American financial history were involved in one of the greatest insider-trading schemes ever and how their exposure and punishment sent shock waves through corporate America.
 
By Ejike E. Okpa
Dallas, Texas.