Nigeria, one of the biggest countries in the world and the most populous nation in Africa is endowed with tremendous physical and intellectual wealth. Nevertheless, the country continues to feel the pangs of poverty and underdevelopment. This sis often attributed to political exclusion, unequal access to resources and ethnicity. Abu baker Tafawa Balewa was the first Prime Minister of Nigeria. He ascended to power at a time when DR Congo was experiencing political turmoil instigated by imperialists. Perhaps this, together with the massive support he received from Britain to ascend to power scared him of being too vocal against former colonial masters. Below is his independence speech:

“Today is Independence Day. October 1, 1960 is a date to which for two years every Nigerian has been eagerly looking forward. At last our great day has arrived and Nigeria is now indeed an independent sovereign nation.

“Words cannot adequately express my joy and pride at gaining the Nigerian citizen privilege to accept, from Her Royal Highness, these Constitution Instruments which are the symbols of Nigeria’s independence. It is a unique privilege, which I shall remember forever, and it gives me strength and courage as I dedicate my life to the service of our country. This is a wonderful day and it is all the more wonderful because we have awaited it with increasing impatience, compelled to watch one country after another overtaking us on the road when we had so nearly reached our goal.

“But now we have acquired our rightful status and I feel sure that history will show that the building of our nation proceeded at the wisest pace: it has been thorough and Nigeria now stands well-built upon firm-built upon firm foundations.

“Today’s ceremony marks the culmination of a process, which began fifteen years ago and has now reached a happy and a successful conclusion. It is with justifiable pride that we claim the achievement of our Independence to be unparalleled in the annals of history.

“Each step of our constitutional advance has been purposefully and peacefully planned with full and open consultation, not only between representatives of all the various interests in Nigeria, but also in harmonious cooperation with the administering power which has to say relinquished it’s authority.

“At the time our constitutional development entered upon its final phase, the emphasis was largely upon self-government. We, the elected representatives of the people of Nigeria, concentrated on proving that we are fully capable of managing our own affairs both internally and as a nation.

“However, we were not to be allowed the selfish luxury of focusing our interest on our own homes. In these days of rapid communications we cannot live in isolation apart from the rest of the world even if we wished to do so. All too soon it has become evident that for us, independence implies great deal more than self government. This great country, which has now emerged without bitterness or bloodshed, finds that she must at once be ready to deal with grave international issues.

“This fact has of recent months been unhappily emphasized by the startling events, which have occurred in this continent. I shall not labour the points, but it would be unrealistic not to draw attention first to the awe-inspiring task confronting us at the very start of our nationhood. When this day, 1 October 1960, was chosen as Independence Day, it seemed that we were destined to move with quiet dignity to our place on the world state. Recent events have changed since beyond recognition so that we find ourselves today being tested to the utmost. We are called upon immediately to show that our claims to responsible government are well-founded and having been accepted as an independent state we must at once play an active part in maintaining the peace of the world and in preserving civilization. I promise you we shall not fail for want of determination.

“And we come to this task better equipped than many. For this I pay tribute to the manner in which successive British governments have gradually transferred the burden of responsibility to our shoulders. The assistance and unfailing encouragement, which we have received from each secretary of state for the colonies and their intense personal interest in our development, has immediately lightened that burden.

“All our friends in Colonial Office must today be proud of their handiwork and in the knowledge that they have helped to lay the foundations of a lasting friendship between our two nations. I have indeed every confidence that based on the happy experience of a successful partnership; our future relations with the United Kingdom will be more cordial than ever, bound together as we shall be in the Commonwealth by a common allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth whom today we proudly acclaim as Queen of Nigeria and Head of the Commonwealth.

“Time will not permit the individual mention of all those friends many of them Nigerians, whose selfless labours have contributed to our independence, some have not lived to see the fulfillment of their hopes-on them be peace but nevertheless they are remembered here, and the names of buildings and streets and roads and bridges throughout the country recall to our minds their achievements, some of them on a national scale, others confined perhaps to a small area in one Division, more humble but of equal value in the total.

“Today we have with us representatives of those who made Nigeria: representatives of the regional government, of the missionary societies, and of the banking and commercial enterprises and members, both past and present, of the public service. We welcome you and present, of the public service. We welcome you and we rejoice that you have been able to come and share in our celebrations.

“We wish that it could have been possible for all of those whom you represent to be here today. Many, I know, will be disappointed to be absent, but if they were listening to me now I say to them: ‘Thank you on behalf of my countrymen. Thank you for your devoted service, which helped to build up Nigeria into a Nation.’

“Today, we are indeed proud to have achieved independence, and proud that our efforts should have contributed to this happy event. But do not mistake our pride for arrogance. It is tempered by a feeling of sincere gratitude to all that have started in the task of developing Nigeria politically, socially and economically. We are grateful to the British officers whom we have known, first masters and then as leaders and finally as partners, but always as friends. And there have been countless missionaries who have laboured unceasingly in the cause of education and to whom we owe many of our medical services. We are grateful also to those who have brought modern methods of banking and of commerce, and new industries. I wish to pay tribute to all of those people and to declare our everlasting admiration for their devotion to duty.

“And finally, I must express our gratitude to Her Royal Highness the Princess Alexandra of Kent for personally bringing to us these symbols of our freedom, and especially for delivering the gracious message from Her Magesty the Queen.

“And so, with the words ‘God Save Our Queen’ I open a new chapter in the history of Nigeria, and of the Commonwealth, and indeed of the World.”

Question of the week: “All too soon it has become evident that for us, independence implies great deal more than self government.” What in your opinion is the meaning of independence?