Somalia and the 'Ugly Clan Federalism'
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| Somali clans |
Mohamud M Uluso’s latest article, ‘Ugly Clan Federalism Sparks Fresh Turmoil,” is way off the mark on both the current situation on the ground in Somalia and historical governance character of the Somali people.
According to Uluso: The formation of federal Member States (FMS) without legal and political consensus sparks fresh political and social turmoil in all regions of Somalia. It is unequivocally clear that the federal system based on clan ownership of territory has become major obstacle to national reconciliation, peace building, and state building in Somalia. It polluted the notion of state, citizenship, and Islamic values and intensified clan rivalry and vanity within the Somali society everywhere.
To suggest that the ongoing Somalia Federalism, be it clan based, as “polluted” is laughable. The undeniable truth is that “state or nation” is yet to be in Maryooleey minds. Citizenship? What citizenship, other than clan citizenship? Also, while we Somalis are generally firm in our belief in Islam, Islam also for the vast majority had been secondary to the undisputed force or current which permeates in Somali society, which is the clan system.
The remarks by Uluso expose his elitism and how a lot of learned Somalis like him have become susceptible to Western mentality that renders them grossly out of touch with their own society. We are Somalis and we are to date based on clans single handedly. Hardly nothing else separates one Somali from another. What else should we base our federalism on? Remember, the goal is to replace the clan identity and territory with regional and national citizenry!
If at first I thought Uluso was after the [process] by which the formation of Federal Member States (FMS) that the federal government in Mogadishu has not gone about, which should have been through legislation and political consensus, his later remarks smash the [principle] of Somalia federalism-based on clans. Pejoratively, he even calls it “Clan Federalism.” It reminds me of “Obama Care, “a term coined by the detractors of the Affordable Care Act legislation.
For your information, Somali clans own land in regions indirectly. While there is no clan corporation which trades in real state, its individual members—owners of land and property in specific areas—collectively dominate areas. Thus the claim and recognition of clan ownership of prairies, regions and towns.
Federalism is the only hope for Somalis to once and for all exorcise their clan system demon which is a “nationhood killer.” The clan system in its intended environment and circumstance served the Somalis well—that is when they were nomadic people moving about in search of green pastures and water for their livestock. Our ancestral clan system deserves our utmost respect. We should put it in the right perspective.This is the 21st century, where globalization is happening, for Somali’s sake! As an old relic, we should put it in a nice museum with kid gloves! But, the question is: how do we Somalis replace the clan system?
Without the full participation of clans in their habitats or regions in both regional and national decision making, Somalis will always cling to the clan identity and system. To change a system, there must be a different system with different rules to overtake and render the old system obsolete. For that to happen, clan members, including its Sultan, Garraad, Ugaas or Malaaq must participate. Bringing different clan elders to agree on a regional administration, even on a name for a region is part of this new exercise which will steer people from the deep rooted forest of clan system.
Before the current federalism, Somali elders of different clans and subclans only came together on usual clan consequences of war and other grievances. The rest of the time, life went on, and Somali clans were like ships passing each other in the night. Today, they are volunteering to come together on administrative issues in their respective regions—that is an undeniable progress away from the old clan system. We should see that for what it is.
Somalia as a country cannot even handle the security of its capital at this point. We depend on the generosity of our African brothers and baby sister Djibouti. The fact that different Somali clans are coming together on their own and agreeing on the type and outfit of respective administrations actually restores my faith in my peoples’ human spirit! They are taking the initiative. Things or rules can be adjusted later. President Hassan Sheikh is correct on that. I hope that some of the newly formed regions will surprise the world by going to the polls before 2016 elections! Why not?
Uluso is not serious when he insinuates that the rivalry between Somaliland and Puntland are based on clan-based federalism. Rather, It is a unionist/separatist land jurisdiction based on colonial era borders and on a potentially oil rich areas.
According to Uluso: Nepotism, injustice, economic and financial mismanagement, rampant corruption, and abuse of political power, have caused the total collapse of the Somali State.
Yes, we Somalis did that with the clan system, which rejected an exclusionary one party, central system based in Mogadishu. Federalism, on the other hand, puts the onus on clans both for self-administration locally and full and fair participation in national governance. What better way to supplant the clan system, which is a respective individual, private subclan polity, than to force multiple clans or subclans of clans into a new system whereby they must work together in fairly sharing both responsibilities and rewards. That exercise changes the old traditional dynamics of polity from individual clans into group clans with one agreed name, be it Puntland, Somaliland, Jubaland or Southwest Sate, whatever! Even language and terms will slowly and surely change from clan perception to one of regional and then to national.
Uluso observes that “No Somali citizen wants and deserves to be considered a minority in any part of Somalia.”
That sounds very noble, but far from the truth and reality of human existence. After all, we even have a Somali term for it “laan gaab!” (small-branched) or a stub. Compare that to the term for majority in Somali “laan dheere,” (long-branched). Being a minority is not an insult, if you are a minority. The insult and injustice are when the majority discriminates against a minority because of that. That is the “strong preying on the weak.” Strong and multi-layered local, state and federal anti-discrimination laws will be needed.
The clan's transition into the citizenry which Uluso inspires them to must be done in honest baby steps pointing away from the individual clan institution into a regional identity. There will be a misreading of federalism by some into a carte blanche for their majority clan to dominate and subjugate others. The federal government should be able and willing to intervene and remedy that promptly! By the same token, there could be some competitions between regions on which region is fairer and more inclusive!
The problem of Somalis continues to be one of being frozen in the clan institution by default. There is no special love for the clan system by Somalis. The clan institution remains only because until now, Somalis had not come up with a viable system to practically overthrow and replace the clan system. I believe federalism will bulldoze the clan system! History tells that Somalis are capable and willing to change. We Somalis, I believe, are natural in embracing change—so long as the real McCoy (as the white man says) which will add to our prosperity and betterment is given to us.
Our great ancestors were able to define the societal rules and regulations. First, they organized themselves by clans and subclans then invented and designed the clan rules or laws Xeer. Our immediate forefathers and mothers, however, had no clue on how to adapt to their new reality of 1960 nationhood. The first 9 years from independence, we parroted Western Democracy, but it was the clan we believed in.
The military regime, from 69-91, had done a lot to highlight Somali culture and language, but it was a personality based system—which invoked other personalities, using the tried and tested clan system and neighbors. The clan system won again! Then, the disaster of all disasters, we Somalis created for ourselves—anarchy in civil war for the last 23 years, from which we are still recovering. The clan system, misapplied to modern statehood, trashes the state every time!
I challenge Mr. Uluso to tell us whether he believes in federalism or not. He should also tell us the form of federalism and what it should be based on, if not on clans. If not federalism at all, then what other system? He should give us the load, frame by frame, on how he would have gone about making everything perfect before federalism was opened for business.
By Abdul-Aziz Mohammed
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Courtesy: Hiiraan